Difference between Hub Switch Router & Firewall

 Hub

Hubs are used to connect multiple devices in a network. They’re less likely to be seen in business or corporate networks than in home networks. Hubs are wired devices and are not as smart as switches or routers.

Switches

Switches are wired devices that know the addresses of the devices connected to them and route traffic to that port/device rather than retransmitting to all devices.
Offering greater efficiency for traffic delivery and improving the overall throughput of data, switches are smarter than hubs but not as smart as routers

Router

Routers are used to control traffic flow on networks and are often used to connect similar networks and control traffic flow between them. Routers can be wired or wireless and can connect multiple switches. Smarter than hubs and switches, routers determine the most efficient “route” for the traffic to flow across the network.

Firewalls

Firewalls are essential tools in managing and controlling network traffic and protecting the network. A firewall is a network device used to filter traffic. It is typically deployed between a private network and the internet, but it can also be deployed between departments (segmented networks) within an organization (overall network). Firewalls filter traffic based on a defined set of rules, also called filters or access control lists.

UX ದೃಷ್ಟಿಕೋನದಿಂದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಪೂರ್ವಾಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ತಪಾಸಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಒಂದೇ ಪರದೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ತೋರಿಸುವುದು ಅಥವಾ ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಬಹು ಪರದೆಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿಸುವುದು ಉತ್ತಮವೇ?

UX ದೃಷ್ಟಿಕೋನದಿಂದ, ಪೂರ್ವಾಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ಚೆಕ್‌ಗಳು ಹಲವಾರು ಅಥವಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣವಾಗಿದ್ದರೆ ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಬಹು ಪರದೆಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿಸುವುದು ಉತ್ತಮವಾಗಿದೆ, ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಅವುಗಳಿಗೆ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರ ಇನ್‌ಪುಟ್ ಅಥವಾ ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದ್ದರೆ. ಒಂದೇ ಪರದೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಬಹು ಪೂರ್ವಾಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ತಪಾಸಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರದರ್ಶಿಸಿದಾಗ, ಅದು ಬಳಕೆದಾರರಿಗೆ ಅಗಾಧವಾಗಿರಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು ಯಾವ ಚೆಕ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಯಾವವುಗಳು ಬಾಕಿ ಉಳಿದಿವೆ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಕಷ್ಟವಾಗಬಹುದು. 

ಇದು ಗೊಂದಲ, ಹತಾಶೆ ಮತ್ತು ದೋಷಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಗಬಹುದು. ಪೂರ್ವಾಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ಚೆಕ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಬಹು ಪರದೆಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸಬಹುದಾಗಿದೆ. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಪರದೆಯು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಕಾರ್ಯ ಅಥವಾ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳ ಸೆಟ್‌ನ ಮೇಲೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕರಿಸಬಹುದು, ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಸೂಚನೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಂಡ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆಯೊಂದಿಗೆ. ಇದು ಬಳಕೆದಾರರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಲು ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪೂರ್ವಾಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಗಳ ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯಿಂದ ಕಡಿಮೆಯಾಗಿ ಮುಳುಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಪೂರ್ವಾಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಗಳು ಸರಳವಾಗಿದ್ದರೆ ಮತ್ತು ತ್ವರಿತವಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಬಹುದಾದರೆ, ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಸಂಘಟಿಸಿದರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಸುಲಭವಾಗಿದ್ದರೆ, ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಒಂದೇ ಪರದೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶಿಸುವುದು ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ. 

ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ, ಒಂದೇ ಪರದೆಯು ಬಳಕೆದಾರರಿಗೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ವೇಗವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅವರು ಪ್ರತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಯನ್ನು ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಿದಾಗ ಅದು ಪ್ರಗತಿಯ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಸಾರಾಂಶದಲ್ಲಿ, ಪೂರ್ವಾಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ಚೆಕ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ಕ್ರೀನ್‌ಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿಸುವ ಅಥವಾ ಸಂಯೋಜಿಸುವ ನಿರ್ಧಾರವು ಚೆಕ್‌ಗಳ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆ, ಅಗತ್ಯವಿರುವ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರ ಇನ್‌ಪುಟ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಮತ್ತು ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ ಅಥವಾ ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್‌ನ ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರ ಅನುಭವದ ಗುರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಿರುತ್ತದೆ. 

ಶೇರ್ ಮಾಡಿ

From UX perspective is it good to show all prerequisite checks in a single screen or split them into multiple screens?

From a UX perspective, it's generally best to split prerequisite checks into multiple screens if they are numerous or complex, especially if they require user input or interaction.

When multiple prerequisite checks are displayed on a single screen, it can be overwhelming for the user, and it may be difficult to understand which checks have been completed and which ones are outstanding. This can lead to confusion, frustration, and errors.

Splitting the prerequisite checks into multiple screens can make the process more manageable for the user. Each screen can focus on a specific task or set of tasks, with clear instructions and feedback on completion. This can help the user feel more in control of the process and less overwhelmed by the overall number of prerequisite checks.

However, if the prerequisite checks are simple and can be completed quickly, it may be appropriate to display them all on a single screen, provided they are clearly organized and easy to understand. In this case, a single screen can be more efficient and faster for the user, and it can also provide a sense of progress as they complete each check.

In summary, the decision to split or combine prerequisite checks into screens depends on the number and complexity of the checks, the amount of user input required, and the overall user experience goals of the application or website.

Netflix strategy on preventing password sharing

Netflix has decided to end the practice of password sharing. Previously, they had encouraged sharing passwords with friends and family, but now they require users to confirm that they live in the same household or purchase their own subscription.

To confirm that someone outside the household is using the account, the primary account holder will need to verify their device using a 4-digit code. The device will have access for seven days before requiring another verification. 

Netflix considers a household as a location where the account owner and others sharing the account live. They will use IP addresses, device IDs, and account activity to confirm if the user belongs to the household. If the account holder is traveling or connected to the home WiFi, they won't need to verify their device, but they need to connect to the home WiFi once every 31 days. 

However, if someone outside the household is using the account, they will be asked to verify and failure to do so may result in being blocked. Currently, Netflix won't charge for sharing an account, but this could change in the future.

How to use WMI from a .NET Application

To start with, let us see what is WMI and what it offers. WMI is an acronym for Windows Management Instrumentation, which is basically an interface to the Windows OS system settings, drivers, and parameters. It also allows managing Windows personal computers and servers through it.

A .NET developer can use WMI to obtain information about drivers installed on the client machine, verify whether the system is licensed or not, check for hardware configuration and a lot more.

Quoting Linus Torvalds, “Talk is cheap. Show me the code”, let’s get to the basics of WMI usage. To get data through WMI, a SQL-like query is used. The specific query type is called WQL (WMI Query Language). Don’t let the name confuse you. It is still very similar to SQL.

Before diving into code, you should know that Windows comes with a tool called WMI Test Tool, which lets you test WQL queries, to check their correctness and returned results. It is a bit harder to track wrong query results in code, so this tool can save some time for the developer. To run it, just start the Run dialog (or the Command Prompt) and type wbemtest.

Once it is started, you will see a window like this:

Click on Connect and you will see a dialog like this:




It lets you connect to a namespace on your local Windows computer. You can use your credentials (although for most queries this is not a requirement) and select the impersonation and authentication levels (once again, for most queries the default settings are acceptable). Once you click connect, you will be able to execute WMI queries, as well as perform other tasks (for example, enumerate classes in a superclass to review its possibilities).

Before creating a query, you need to understand what information you want to obtain. The query is executed against a WMI class – you can read the complete list here. Let’s take the Win32_Processor class as an example here. Querying against this class will give us information about the CPU installed on a machine. If the machine runs with multiple CPUs, a query result will be returned for each one of them.

The Win32_Processor class exposes the following properties:
AddressWidth
Architecture
Availability
Caption
ConfigManagerErrorCode
ConfigManagerUserConfig
CpuStatus
CreationClassName
CurrentClockSpeed
CurrentVoltage
DataWidth
Description
DeviceID
ErrorCleared
ErrorDescription
ExtClock
Family
InstallDate
L2CacheSize
L2CacheSpeed
L3CacheSize
L3CacheSpeed
LastErrorCode
Level
LoadPercentage
Manufacturer
MaxClockSpeed
Name
NumberOfCores
NumberOfLogicalProcessors
OtherFamilyDescription
PNPDeviceID
PowerManagementCapabilities[]
PowerManagementSupported
ProcessorId
ProcessorType
Revision
Role
SocketDesignation
Status
StatusInfo
Stepping
SystemCreationClassName
SystemName
UniqueId
UpgradeMethod
Version
VoltageCaps

Most of these are have self-descriptive names, but if you are ever confused about one of them, you can always refer to the MSDN documentation for the class, that explains each one of them.

Now, let’s try to get the values of the above mentioned properties in your .NET application. In my examples I am using C#, but if you are using another .NET language, you shouldn’t have a problem adapting the code.

First, you need to add a reference to the System.Management and System. Management.Instrumentation namespaces. This is done by right-clicking on References in the Solution Explorer and selecting Add Reference. Then, you can select the above mentioned libraries from the .NET list:

Once selected, you need to reference the proper namespaces in your code:using System.Management;
Now, to the actual code. I am going to create a function that can be called from anywhere in the code to simplify this task.void GetCPUInfo()
{
ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_Processor");
foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
{
if (!(obj == null))
Debug.Print(obj.Properties["CpuStatus"].Value.ToString());
}
}


The ManagementObjectSearcher is the key element here – it gets the returned properties based on the query. The parameter I am passing to it when instantiating is the actual query. As you see, it is very similar to SQL. My current query will retrieve all properties available in Win32_Processor. I iterate through them (note that each result is a ManagementObject – the property holder, in this case will be a separate instance for each CPU that is found) and print in the Output window the value of the CpuStatus property:



The 1 here is exactly what is returned. It is a good practice to consult the documentation before reading specific properties, to understand the possible returned values. 1 for CpuStatus means that the CPU is installed and is active.

Important note: Some of the readers might be curious, why there is a null value verification. Some of the classes require user authentication to get the correct data and some properties are simply not available, being the cause of multiple exceptions, depending on the authentication methods and property types. Therefore, to avoid exceptions, this code security measure is used here.

If only one property is needed to be retrieved, then the query can be organized like this:SELECT CpuStatus FROM Win32_Processor


The important thing to remember here is that when you only retrieve one property, the rest of them are unavailable for that specific query result. Therefore, trying to get their value will cause an exception.



Courtesy: Original source is from Denzel D at - https://dzone.com/articles/how-use-wmi-net-application

Powercube multi socket adapter by allocacoc review

A very useful utility when you are traveling or at home where you have limited power socket outlets.

Powercube multi-socket adapter has 4 number of 3 pin female socket ports & 2 female usb A charging sockets. This is a boon for travelers and gadget freaks that have a lot of devices that require to be charged.

This is also useful when you have limited power sockets at home and you dont want to deal with the messy power strips or wired flex boxes !

Created By Madhukar Rupakumar

https://techbytes-madhukar.com 

https://krmadhukar.blogspot.com 

Powercube adapter Amazon link - https://amzn.to/3Wax0ah 

Usb A to C female converter from Wayona Amazon link - https://amzn.to/3Wax0ah

My LinkTree - https://linktr.ee/krmadhukar 

 

Follow me on below Social media platforms: Youtube, Twitter, Instagram: krmadhukar 

my FB page: https://www.facebook.com/https://www.facebook.com/MadhukarKRupakumar

My Amazon.in shopping | FireTV Stick 4K Max Unboxing & Overview

I went ahead & bought the Amazon FireTV stick 4K max in this season's Amazon great Indian festival sale. I have 2 televisions at home. One is the Google TV which is the latest software on a Sony 4K 

KD-55X80AJ. The other one is a 43 inches Sony 4K TV with 200 Hz refresh rate which was a great purchase that continues to serve me very well till today since 6-7 years. However, its software had gone a bit old now it being Android TV. Hence I went ahead with this purchase.

Checkout out more details about it in the video.

Here is the link to buy the FireTV 4K Max.

Happy to share my certificate of completion for API Security Architect

 Happy to share my certificate of completion for API Security Architect provided by API academy Certification program.  

Secrets of a successful presentation

1. Practice makes you perfect. If you want to improve your presentation skills, keep practicing, and do more presentations.

2. Your main objective of most presentations is to motivate the audience or convey the message/content you have created clearly. For this, you need to understand what the audience wants and deliver the content nicely to create an impression.

3. It is important to understand your audience and then deliver the content. Don’t deliver the content based on what you know, understand the audience, and prepare/tune/customize the content.

4. If you are meeting the executives, you should be ready with the elevator pitch. Every executive is different and you need to understand what they like, what they don’t like, and their priorities. Tune your content to meet the executive personality and needs.

5. When you structure the presentation, opening, messaging, and closing are the 3 phases. When you open the presentation, try and convey to the audience what is in it for them or why is this important to gather their attention. Keep the opening interesting all the time as it is important to grab the attention of the audience very early in the presentation.

6. There are different types of presentations. For all the different presentations you make, you need to have a clear agenda and a clear summary/call for action.

7. Even the greatest speakers get nervous. So, it is fine to be nervous. Channel your nervousness to prepare and just give your best. If you are honest in your presentation and have done your homework to understand the audience to prepare the content, the audience will see your honesty and appreciate your presentation. Accent, little hiccups during the presentation, minor English mistakes etc. does not matter if you are honest in your effort and give the audience what they want during your presentation.  The last sentence is important to understand considering that India is a diverse country and English is not our mother tongue.

8. Give your best and don’t worry about the rest. If you have followed all the basics before a presentation, you will never fail and will almost all the time pass with distinction. There is nothing like get 100% marks in presentation as there will always be something to improve.

9. Great presenters also create an impact by presenting with slides that look great, telling stories that resonate, showing emotions and voice modulation as required, use effectively the tools available for them to present (e.g. pointers, using whiteboards etc.), using metaphors to catch attention, eye contact, using pause, pitch and pace effectively, using the dias properly (physical presentations) are all important. But all these things make presentations better but there is no substitute for having the right content to meet the audience's needs. If you can design the presentation to meet all the audience objectives and if you can deliver it to make it interesting and exciting, you will create a lasting impression as you impact positively both the right and left brains of your audience.

• Interacting with the audience and engaging is important. Ask questions get feedback so that you can tune the presentation as you go.  

• Manage the time and handle questions/distractions effectively. Use “Let us take it offline or I will get back to you” are 2 ways of managing questions that may not be relevant to the presentation objective or that can hinder you from finishing the presentation within the allotted time.

• Set expectations on when you will take/answer questions. Listening actively and paraphrasing the question and then answering is a good technique as it can help when addressing a large audience where the question may not be heard by all. The time you are paraphrasing also gives you some time to internalize and prepare your answer for the question.

• There may/will be disruptions to presentations in the form of questions from some hecklers during your presentation. You need to know how to deal with these disruptions and not allow these distractions to affect your delivery. See the slides for more tips

• Every person is unique. Don’t fake during a presentation or copy someone’s style unless you are comfortable pulling off without losing your personality. If you like some style of a great presenter, customize it for your own style and your personality. For example, just because somebody looks good walking around the dias, don’t copy it if you are not comfortable. You can start moving around little bit or occasionally and if you don’t see it impact your personality or presentation, embrace the change.

Continue to cover the most key aspects in short catchphrases that capture the audience's imagination.

Courtesy: My sessions with senior technologists @HPE.

Difference between Authentication & Authorization

Authentification can be defined as the verification of a claim of identity by a user, a process, or a device, often as a prerequisite to granting it access to resources within a system.  This can be done once or many times during a particular session, workday or other period of activity consisting of multiple steps & tasks.

Authorization is the real-time decision that a system-issued identity claiming to have access rights to that system can be verified to be a (a) System-issued valid identity which is (b) being used or presented by the subject it has been issued to.

Simply put, authentication is the process of verifying who someone is, whereas authorization is the process of verifying what specific applications, files & data a user has access to.

courtesy: http://medium.com