How to show hidden folders in Mac OS in Finder

 To show hidden files and folders on a Mac, open Finder and press the Command (⌘) + Shift + Period (.) keys simultaneously. The hidden files will appear with a faded or semi-transparent look. To hide them again, press the same keyboard shortcut. 

Using the Keyboard Shortcut

1. Open any Finder window. 
2. Navigate to the folder where you want to view hidden files, such as your Macintosh HD folder. 
3. Press and hold the Command, Shift, and Period keys all at the same time. 
Hidden files and folders will appear. 
To hide them again, repeat the same key combination. 

Using Terminal (Alternative Method)

Open Terminal by searching for it in Spotlight (magnifying glass icon). 
Enter the following command and press Return: defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles YES. 
Hold down the Option key, right-click the Finder icon in the Dock, and select Relaunch to apply the changes. 
To hide all files again, you can use the same command, replacing YES with NO, or simply press the keyboard shortcut from the first method. 

Why Files Are Hidden

Hidden files are usually system files and should not be deleted or changed as it could cause problems with macOS or specific applications. They are hidden by default to prevent accidental modification or deletion. 

How to remove the bash history from a Linux Terminal

Removing bash history in the terminal can be done in several ways, depending on whether you want to clear the current session's history, remove specific entries, or clear the entire history file.


1. Clear the current session's history:

To clear the history of commands in the currently running shell session, use:

ಕೋಡ್

history -c

This command clears the in-memory history for the current session but does not affect the ~/.bash_history file until the session exits (and even then, it will only write the current, now empty, history).

2. Remove specific entries from history:

To remove a specific command from the history, first, identify its line number using the history command. Then, use:

ಕೋಡ್

history -d <line_number>

Replace <line_number> with the actual line number of the command you wish to remove. To make this change permanent in the ~/.bash_history file, you need to write the current history to the file afterwards:

ಕೋಡ್

history -w

3. Clear the entire bash history file:

To completely clear the ~/.bash_history file, which stores your command history across sessions, you can use:

ಕೋಡ್

cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history

This command effectively truncates the ~/.bash_history file, making it empty. For the changes to take effect immediately in the current session and in future sessions, it is also recommended to clear the current session's history:

ಕೋಡ್

history -c && cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history

4. Temporarily disable history saving for the current session:

If you want to prevent commands from being saved to history for the current session, you can unset the HISTFILE environment variable:

ಕೋಡ್

unset HISTFILE

Commands executed after this will not be recorded in the ~/.bash_history file until a new shell session is started or HISTFILE is set again.

Free Google courses for Generative AI

 Google just launched a free learning path for Generative AI.

If you're in tech, business, or just curious, this is worth a look.

𝟏. 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐀𝐈:

👉 https://lnkd.in/g7eqXQ7H

↳ Explain how generative AI works

↳ Describe generative AI model types

↳ Describe generative AI applications

𝟐. 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐋𝐋𝐌:

👉 https://lnkd.in/gijvaHyZ

↳ Define large language models (LLMs)

↳ Describe LLM use cases

↳ Explain prompt tuning

↳ Describe Google’s generative AI development tools

𝟑. 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐀𝐈:

👉 https://lnkd.in/gWSjT4Zq

↳ Identify the need for a responsible AI practice within an organization

↳ Recognize that decisions made at all stages of a project make an impact in Responsible AI

↳ Recognize that organizations can design an AI infrastructure to fit their own business needs and values

♻️ Repost this to help your network get started 

I asked Perplexity Pro which is the best laptop for ai work & macbook is not in the list !!

 Suggest the best laptop for ai model training that can be bought in Bangalore

Top Laptops for AI Model Training (2025, Bangalore)

Model Name	GPU/CPU	RAM	Key Features & Reasons to Buy	Approx. Price (INR)	Availability
ASUS ROG Zephyrus G14	AMD Ryzen 9/7, RTX 40XX series	16/32GB	Compact, powerful CPU/GPU for deep learning; reliable ventilation	1,60,000–2,10,000	Major electronics retailers[1][2]
HP Victus 15-fb3025AX	Ryzen 7, NVIDIA RTX 4050+	16/32GB	Good for large datasets and image/video tasks, gaming build for high performance	1,40,000–1,60,000	HP, Amazon, local stores[3][4]
Holoware AI Laptop	Intel Core Ultra 5/7, Intel Arc GPU	16/32GB DDR5	India’s dedicated AI laptop, optimized for ML workloads, DDR5 RAM, efficient cooling	~1,80,000+	Direct via Holoware, Bangalore[5]
HP Omen/Acer Nitro/ASUS TUF series	Ryzen 7/9, RTX 4070/4080 (NVIDIA)	16–32GB	RTX 4070+ GPUs, high TGP, suited for prolonged ML/deep learning tasks	1,70,000–2,00,000+	Amazon sale, HP/ASUS stores[2][4]
Lenovo IdeaPad Pro 5 (AI model)	Intel Core Ultra 9, Integrated AI GPU	32GB DDR5	OLED screen, advanced AI, general ML/data science (integrated GPU, less CUDA)	1,30,000–1,60,000	Lenovo exclusive/play stores[4]

---

Expert Tips for Buying an AI/ML Laptop

• GPU is critical: For local training, prefer NVIDIA RTX series (ideally 4050 or above) for CUDA compatibility with TensorFlow/PyTorch[1][2][6].
• RAM: Minimum 16GB; 32GB preferred for large models and datasets.
• Storage: NVMe SSD (512GB–1TB) for speedy data access.
• Cooling: Machines like ROG Zephyrus, HP Omen, Holoware AI offer solid cooling to prevent performance throttling during long model training[3][5].
• Linux Compatibility: Check if your chosen machine runs Ubuntu well, as many ML frameworks work best on Linux[1].
• Sales: August 2025 Amazon festivals offer major discounts on AI/GPU laptops. Visit Bangalore’s electronics markets for local deals and warranty support[4].

---

Where to Buy in Bangalore

• Physical Stores: Pai International, Croma, authorized HP/ASUS/Lenovo stores.
• Online: Amazon India (watch for sales periods like the Great Freedom Festival), dedicated sites like Holoware for India-specific AI laptops[5][4][7][8].
• Refurbished Options: EazyPC offers checked, high-spec used models at a lower price, suitable for budget-conscious AI practitioners[1].

---

Standout Recommendation

For maximum AI training power, the ASUS ROG Zephyrus G14 (with NVIDIA RTX 4060 or 4070, Ryzen 9/7, and at least 32GB RAM) is one of the best available in Bangalore for deep learning, model prototyping, and heavy ML workloads. If you want a specialized option, consider the Holoware AI laptop—designed and supported locally in India for AI workloads (though with Intel Arc GPUs, so check framework compatibility)[1][2][5][4].

---

Always confirm exact specs and CUDA compatibility if you primarily work in TensorFlow or PyTorch, and ensure the laptop fits your specific dataset and framework needs before purchase[1][2][5][9][4][6].

Sources
[1] Best Laptop For Artificial Intelligence Students 2025 https://eazypc.in/best-laptop-for-artificial-intelligence-students-in-2025/
[2] Best Laptops for AI & Machine Learning (2025) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2Eie6LayZc
[3] Best HP Laptops for AI Development India 2025 https://www.hp.com/in-en/shop/tech-takes/post/best-workstations-for-ai-development
[4] AI powered laptops price drop in Amazon Great Freedom Festival … https://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/ai-powered-laptops-price-drop-in-amazon-great-freedom-festival-sale-with-up-to-48-off-on-ryzen-ai-and-core-ultra-models-101754454762242.html
[5] Top Laptop for Artificial Intelligence in India https://holoware.co/best-laptop-for-artificial-intelligence-in-india-holoware-guide/
[6] Best Laptop for Data Science in 2025: Top 15 Picks https://www.upgrad.com/blog/top-10-best-data-science-laptops/
[7] AI Laptops in India 2025 – Best AI Laptop Brands & Buying Guide https://www.paiinternational.in/blog-details/all-about-ai-laptops-what-they-are-how-they-work-w
[8] Top 5 AI Laptops in India in 2025 - April https://www.paiinternational.in/blog-details/revolutionize-your-work-play-top-5-ai-laptops-in-i
[9] Best Laptop for Machine Learning in 2025 https://www.edureka.co/blog/best-laptop-for-machine-learning/
[10] Best Affordable AI Laptops for Gaming & Studies | HP® Tech Takes https://www.hp.com/in-en/shop/tech-takes/post/affordable-ai-laptops-gaming-school-balance

why is apple MacBook not in this list

Apple MacBook models, including the MacBook Pro with Apple Silicon (M1, M2, and M3 chips), are not typically recommended for intensive AI model training—particularly for tasks using popular frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch—due to several key reasons relevant in 2025:

- **Lack of CUDA Support:** Most AI and machine learning libraries (especially TensorFlow and PyTorch) use NVIDIA’s CUDA platform for GPU acceleration. Apple's M-series chips use integrated graphics, which are not CUDA-compatible, meaning you can't leverage powerful GPU acceleration for many deep learning tasks as you would on an NVIDIA RTX-equipped laptop[1][2][3].

- **Limited eGPU Expansion:** Apple Silicon Macs do not natively support external graphics cards (eGPUs) for ML, unlike earlier Intel-based Macs.

- **Framework Optimization:** While Apple has made progress with Metal and CoreML optimizations, the overall ML ecosystem (especially for research and large-scale model training) still relies heavily on CUDA and NVIDIA GPUs for maximum performance with large datasets and advanced architectures[1][4][5].

- **Native Support Challenges:** Some advanced features in deep learning libraries, along with many third-party tools and dependencies, either do not work optimally or are not fully supported on Apple Silicon, especially for newest AI research tools.

- **Price-to-Performance:** For a similar budget, Windows laptops (with NVIDIA GPUs) usually offer much better raw performance for AI/ML model training compared to Apple MacBooks[1][4][3][5].

Apple MacBooks can be excellent for software development, classical machine learning (CPU-based), and on-the-go prototyping, but for **heavy AI model training**, a laptop with a high-end NVIDIA GPU remains the standard recommendation in India and globally, which is why MacBook is not included in the top picks for this specific requirement[1][4][2][3][5].

Citations:

[1] Best Laptop For Artificial Intelligence Students 2025 https://eazypc.in/best-laptop-for-artificial-intelligence-students-in-2025/

[2] Top Laptop for Artificial Intelligence in India https://holoware.co/best-laptop-for-artificial-intelligence-in-india-holoware-guide/

[3] Best Laptop for Machine Learning in 2025 https://www.edureka.co/blog/best-laptop-for-machine-learning/

[4] Best Laptops for AI & Machine Learning (2025) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2Eie6LayZc

[5] Best Laptop for Data Science in 2025: Top 15 Picks https://www.upgrad.com/blog/top-10-best-data-science-laptops/

"Passwords" button stuck in the desktop in mac OS

There is an annoying "passwords" button stuck on the Mac OS desktop. Check this link out for a detailed description & probable workarounds. Pressing cmd+ left click helped me get rid of it in my case.

 https://discussions.apple.com/thread/252109550?answerId=254260694022&sortBy=rank#254260694022